Abstract
Implementation is expected to be a measure for sustainable forest management by providing benefit for forest users based on their efforts. Without careful attention for the social safeguard, the mechanism of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest degradation with forest management (REDD+) might cause negative impact such as depriving of customary forest use rights under unclear tenure and forest use rights typical in Indonesia. This study aimed to explore how REDD+ Safeguard can be applied in readiness activities by analyzing practical forest use situations in a conservation forest, the Gunung Palung National Park as study site. From the results of the questionnaire survey and interviews, characteristics of forest users were identified and compared. The households, mostly Malays, practicing traditional durian collection, were recognized as main forest users depending on on-farm income especially from non-timber forest product (NTFP). Since the income structure is relatively low and unstable, some of them practice farming in forest area or sell their forest use rights to other households. They are inclined to be lack in legal farm land and certain forest use rights. Based on the findings, consideration for diverse forest users and potential readiness activities were discussed and proposed. For achieving REDD+ implementation with sustainable forest management and social safeguard, it will be necessary to respect for customary rights and take comprehensive measures as readiness efforts.
Highlights
This study aimed to explore how REDD+ Safeguard can be applied in readiness activities by analyzing practical forest use situations in a conservation forest, the Gunung Palung National Park as study site
Gunung Palung National Park (GPNP), which is located in the southwest part of the West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia, was selected as a research site that has potential conflicts on land uses caused by unclear park boundary over communities surrounding the national park, and substantial increases of human pressures on expansive land uses
REDD+ implementation such as excluding customary forest users, socio-economic survey was conducted for sample households in target villages around the GPNP
Summary
As a mitigation measure for global warming by conserving forest biomass, the mechanism of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest degradation with forest management (REDD+) has been expected and discussed under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Even before that agreed, developing countries, which have needs for reducing deforestation and conserving forest resources, have promoted preparation for the REDD+ strategy and demonstrations by utilizing financial and technical supports from developed countries and international organizations such as the World Bank and the United Nations. In decision 1/CP16 of the UNFCCC in Cancun, Mexico, in 2010, activities for developing technical capacities and institutional arrangements to be implemented in step-by-step phases beginning with readiness strategy development and demonstration activities with toward achieving results-based actions and payment were encouraged (UNFCCC, 2010). In COP 23 under UNFCCC in 2017, all parties agreed to move from conceptual to technical achievement of the Paris Agreement, agreed to aiming at climate mitigation as an important decision for conservation of tropical forest, adopted in COP 21 (UNFCCC, 2015)
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