Exploring phytochemical tyrosinase inhibitors against melanoma skin cancer

Abstract

Tyrosinase enzyme is the vital enzyme for synthesis of melanin pigment in melanocytes, though its dysregulated activity may cause over production of the pigment causing a skin cancer melanoma. Every year the cases of Melanoma is increasing by 1%. To control the hyperpigmentation, tyrosinase activity is to be inhibited in these cells. An attempt was made to find phytochemicals acting as an inhibitor for tyrosunase activity, thus reducing the synthesis of melanin pigment. Four plants were randomly selected namely Tacoma stans, Murraya paniculata, Galphimia gracilis and Mansoa alliacea for the work and the ethanol leaf extract were used to determine their inhibitory influence on freshly extracted and purified mushroom tyrosinase enzyme. Enzyme activity and product L-DOPA formation was estimated through UV-Visible Spectrophotometer and found to be 3.85U/min/ml and 0.018 mg/ml respectively. Murraya paniculata leaf extract shows the highest tyrosinase inhibitory action of 80.61% followed by Tacoma stans, Galphimia gracilis and Mansoa alliacea with74.71%, 72.95% and 71.99% respectively. Thus, the work conclude that the phytochemicals have the efficiency to control melanoma risk in human.. KEYWORDS :Mushroom Tyrosinase, Tyrosinase Inhibition, Melanoma, phytochemicals, Enzyme Activity