Exploring Orange Peel Treatment with Deep Eutectic Solvents and Diluted Organic Acids

Van Den Bruinhorst A,Kroon Mc,De Croon Mhjm,Timmer Jmk,Kouris Pd

doi:10.4172/2329-6836.1000242

Abstract

The disintegration of orange peel waste in deep eutectic solvents and diluted organic acids is presented in this work. The albedo and flavedo layers of the peel were studied separately, showing faster disintegration of the latter. Addition of water to the deep eutectic solvents lowered the amount of remaining solids and improved the disintegration times. These improvements are subscribed to a decrease in viscosity upon deep eutectic solvent dilution. Each of the individual deep eutectic solvent components were diluted and subjected to the same disintegration tests. The corresponding diluted organic acids showed similar orange peel disintegration performance as the tested deep eutectic solvents, whereas dilutions of the other counterparts did not show any activity. Hence, the active deep eutectic solvent components during orange peel treatment are considered to be their organic acids. Flavonoids and essential oils were released during the treatment, offering new opportunities for the development of orange peel waste valorisation routes.

Highlights

Waste is a term that is quickly associated with landfills, pollution and domestic garbage
The disintegration of orange peel waste in deep eutectic solvents and diluted organic acids is presented in this work
MaliA:ChCl 1:1 only showed partial disintegration for flavedo, no significant effect was observed for Orange peels (OPs) and albedo

Summary

Introduction

Waste is a term that is quickly associated with landfills, pollution and domestic garbage. Waste streams are increasingly regarded as renewable sources for materials and chemicals. Crop residues in particular are globally abundant and potentially rich in added-value functionalised components e.g., fibres, oils, proteins, waxes, dyes, and flavonoids [1,2,3]. Obtaining residues with constant quality and composition is challenging though, for instance due to decentralised harvesting and seasonal influences. Food processing facilities could offer a well-defined waste stream, since they have to deliver products that constantly meet quality standards. Orange peels (OPs) are an excellent example of processing residues that contain many potential products [4]. 40% of all harvested oranges are treated by the juicing and canning industries, of which 40-50 wt.% ends up as processing peel waste [6]

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Conclusion