Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of needle-like zinc oxide nanostructures (ZnO-NN) on the physical, chemical, and antibacterial properties of experimental methacrylate-based dental sealers. ZnO-NN was synthesized and characterized. ZnO-NN was added to a co-monomer blend at 20, 30, and 40 wt.%. One group without ZnO-NN was used as a control. The dental resin sealers were evaluated for their flow, film thickness, water sorption, solubility, radiopacity, degree of conversion (DC), dental-sealer interface characterization via micro-Raman, and antibacterial activity. ZnO-NN presented a mean needle diameter of 40 nm and 16 m2/g of surface area. There was no difference among groups containing ZnO-NN regarding their flow. The ZnO-NN addition significantly increased the film thickness. Water sorption and solubility tests showed no difference among groups. The radiopacity increased, and DC decreased with higher concentrations of ZnO-NN. Micro-Raman suggested that ZnO-NN was in close contact with root canal dentin. Overall, the incorporation of ZnO-NN provided an antibacterial effect against Enterococcus faecalis without a significant detrimental impact on the physical and chemical functionality of the material. The use of ZnO-NN as an inorganic filler is a potential application within dental materials intended for root canal treatment.
Highlights
Nanomaterials have received widespread attention for dental applications partly because they exhibit improved or new functionality in comparison to their microsized counterparts [1,2,3]
Based on the above consideration, this study reports the synthesis of needle-like zinc oxide nanostructures (ZnO-NN) particles and their incorporation into an experimental methacrylate-based dental sealer for root canal treatment for the first time
We evaluated the dental sealers for the following physical, chemical, or biological properties: flow, film thickness, water sorption, and solubility, radiopacity, degree of conversion, root-sealer interface, and antibacterial effects against E. faecalis
Summary
Nanomaterials have received widespread attention for dental applications partly because they exhibit improved or new functionality in comparison to their microsized counterparts [1,2,3]. Macro and micro-sized zinc oxide (ZnO) are well-stabilized inorganic fillers and have been tested in dental materials. Particles with nanometer-sizes present a high surface area and increased surface reactivity due to a higher percentage of atoms on the material’s surface [11]. Their biological properties may be intrinsically associated with their low dimensionality and higher reactivity [1,12]. The decreased size of fillers can lead to different physical and chemical properties of materials [7]
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