Exploring Movement Impairments in Patients With Parkinson's Disease Using the Microsoft Kinect Sensor: A Feasibility Study.

Ditte Rudå,Jannik Boll Matthiassen,Christoph U Correll,Kristian Winge,Anne Katrine Pagsberg,Anders Fink-Jensen,Anne Sofie Schott Andersen,Line K H Clemmensen,Rasmus R Paulsen,Gudmundur Einarsson

doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.610614

Abstract

Background: Current assessments of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease are often limited to clinical rating scales.Objectives: To develop a computer application using the Microsoft Kinect sensor to assess performance-related bradykinesia.Methods: The developed application (Motorgame) was tested in patients with Parkinson's disease and healthy controls. Participants were assessed with the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) and standardized clinical side effect rating scales, i.e., UKU Side Effect Rating Scale and Simpson-Angus Scale. Additionally, tests of information processing (Symbol Coding Task) and motor speed (Token Motor Task), together with a questionnaire, were applied.Results: Thirty patients with Parkinson's disease and 33 healthy controls were assessed. In the patient group, there was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) association between prolonged time of motor performance in the Motorgame and upper body rigidity and bradykinesia (MDS-UPDRS) with the strongest effects in the right hand (p < 0.001). In the entire group, prolonged time of motor performance was significantly associated with higher Simson-Angus scale rigidity score and higher UKU hypokinesia scores (p < 0.05). A shortened time of motor performance was significantly associated with higher scores on information processing (p < 0.05). Time of motor performance was not significantly associated with Token Motor Task, duration of illness, or hours of daily physical activity. The Motorgame was well-accepted.Conclusions: In the present feasibility study the Motorgame was able to detect common motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease in a statistically significant and clinically meaningful way, making it applicable for further testing in larger samples.

Highlights

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive, degenerative movement disorder [1]
The terms in the model were, y the response, and on the right hand-side we had in the following order: μ as a general mean, Tj mean for each of the 22 tasks in level 1, C parameter for the clinical score, where xij was the value for that measurements on participant i in task j
All patients and healthy controls completed the entire session of the Motorgame

Summary

Introduction

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive, degenerative movement disorder [1]. Bradykinesia, rigidity and resting tremor are the cardinal motor symptoms of PD [2]. Parkinsonian bradykinesia is the very core symptom and correlates with loss of dopaminergic deficiency [3, 4]; it involves difficulties in planning, initiating and executing movements and difficulties in performing various tasks [5]. Postural instability often develops as a fourth cardinal symptom [6]. Standard quantitative assessments for evaluating PD bradykinesia include the modified bradykinesia rating scale [7] as well as the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), which assesses both motor and non-motor symptoms of PD [8]. Current assessments of motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease are often limited to clinical rating scales

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion