Exploring Moringa concanensis nimmo mediated Bio-preparation of Ag doped MgO nanoparticles for biological activity and chromium (VI) remediation

Abstract

The ethanolic extract of Moringa concanensis plant bark was used as a reducing agent for the phyto-mediated synthesis of Ag-doped MgO nanoparticles (Mc-Ag-MgO NPs). The Mc-Ag-MgO NPs were characterized using various analytical tools. The nanoparticles were found to be acicular in morphology with a crystallite size of 34.64 nm. The Mc-Ag-MgO NPs were evaluated for their antioxidant, anticancer, brine shrimp lethality, Cr(VI) adsorption, and phytotoxic properties. The plant extract contained phenols (102.87 ± 1.24 mg GAE/g DW), flavonoids (118.76 ± 1.34 mg QE/g DW), and terpenoids (44.78 ± 1.43 mg linalool/g of extract DW). The Mc-Ag-MgO NPs showed significant results in phosphomolybdate, DPPH, metal chelating, and reducing power assays, confirming their antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties in biological systems. The Mc-Ag-MgO NPs exhibited significant cytotoxicity against A549 cells and were found to be least toxic to brine shrimp, confirming their anticancer activity and biocompatibility or safety towards the ecological system. The Mc-Ag-MgO NPs (100 mg) showed 100 % adsorption of 100 ppm Cr(VI) in solution at the optimum pH of 5 and a contact time of 120 min, indicating its higher efficiency in heavy metal remediation and usage over chemically derived adsorbent. The germination percentage in Vigna radiata seeds was found to be 66.67 ± 0.22 % and 63.33 ± 0.32 % for Mc-Ag-MgO NPs before and after Cr(VI) adsorption, respectively, showing its safety and potential application in agriculture. Therefore, it can be useful for applications including biomedicine, Cr(VI) remediation, and agricultural safety.