Abstract
This exploratory article reviewed the professional literature related to the construct of multigenerational trauma and the importance of cultural identity and practices as healing and protective/resilience factors against such trauma. It also posited that the Irish and the Oglala Lakota (Sioux) of the North American Northern Plains have commonalities; one commonality perhaps being multigenerational trauma (also called historical loss, transgenerational trauma/shame). Emerging evidence about treatment of multiagenerational trauma with the Lakota through implementing their cultural practices and cultural renewal in rural settings are also discussed. Finally, this investigation describes results from a focus group experience with 12 Irish counselors from rural Southeastern Ireland that explored resiliency related to multi- generational trauma using genograms to describe and compare traumatic and resiliency patterns. {Note: This exploratory approach does not include Irish Diaspora (e.g., Irish-Americans, Irish-Australians, and Irish-Canadians)}. It is hoped that based on the results of this approach, further investigations can occur with these populations.
Highlights
Trauma is defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) (APA, 2000) as experiences that involve actual or threatened serious injury, or learning about unexpected or serious harm, or death or injury experienced by a family member or other close associate
This exploratory article reviewed the professional literature related to multigenerational trauma
It also posited that the Irish
Summary
Trauma is defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) (APA, 2000) as experiences that involve actual or threatened serious injury, or learning about unexpected or serious harm, or death or injury experienced by a family member or other close associate. The emerging definition of multigenerational trauma relates to the idea that subsequent generations learn from and are affected by parents, grandparents, other extended family adults who are traumatized, that is experienced unexpected or serious harm, or death or injury experienced (e.g., genocide, sexual assault, torture, murder) (Levine, 2001). This phenomenon involves learning to experience an intense fear, helplessness, or horror through viewing another’s experience of trauma (e.g., anger, depression, and alcohol/drug abuse) and learning to react/act in similar fashion (The National Child Traumatic Stress Network, 2004; Nelson, 1998). The terms historical or cultural trauma have been used to accent the depth and breadth of certain traumatic experiences shared by many (e.g., genocide, war)
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