Abstract
Interspecific plant hybridisation is a pivotal evolutionary process shaping speciation dynamics. In the context of bread wheat cultivation in India, stripe rust stands out as the predominant factor contributing to yield reduction. With the objective of improving stripe rust resistance and floral traits, diverse back-crossed population was meticulously developed through triticale-wheat crosses. The BC2F7 generation of rye-wheat derivatives underwent a comprehensive analysis encompassing genetic variability, trait associations, multiple regressions, and principal component, with a focus on floral and yield attributes. The meticulously chosen stripe rust-resistant derivative lines underwent comprehensive evaluation, including an assessment of chromosomal abnormalities, fluorescence in situ hybridisation, and rye genome-specific molecular markers analysis. The statistical analysis substantiates that the derived population exhibits significant variations for all the examined traits. Positive correlations were observed with anther size, pollen viability, tiller number, thousand kernel weight, and grain yield. Multiple regression analysis reveals that anther size, pollen viability, tiller number, and thousand kernel weights emerge as pivotal contributors influencing grain yield. Moreover, the three principal components exhibit more than one eigen-value, thereby signifying their capacity to encapsulate the maximum variability within the dataset. In addition, chromosomal abnormalities, encompassing univalent, multivalent, laggards, bridge chromosomes, and micronuclei, were observed within the PMCs of rye wheat derivative lines. Fluorescence in-situ hybridisation unequivocally demonstrated rye introgression by green signals. Furthermore, the affirmation of rye introgression was corroborated by rye genome-specific molecular markers. Hence, Comprehensive methods unveil promising traits in rye-wheat lines, advancing wheat breeding in India.
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