Exploring fear of childbirth in Kenya through evaluation of the readability of Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire Version A (W-DEQ-A)

Abstract

BackgroundSeveral tools measuring fear of childbirth (FOC) have been developed in the last three decades, however concerns about their readability have been raised. AimTo explore the fear of childbirth in a sample of women of reproductive age by evaluating the readability of Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire version A (W-DEQ-A). MethodsThe Flesch Reading Ease Formula, the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, the FOG Scale, the SMOG Index, the Coleman-Liau Index, the Automated Readability Index, and the Linsear Write Formula were used to evaluate the readability of the W-DEQ-A. Also, focus group discussions were held to validate the findings of the readability scales mentioned above. FindingsThe SMOG Index (score = 7.6), Coleman-Liau Index (score = 7.6), and the Linsear Write Formula (score = 9.4) were easily readable by women of reproductive age who had at least secondary school education (grade 12). Concerns were raised over some terms used such as desolate and deserted, which were rarely used in day to day English language conversations. ConclusionsIn this study, participants observed that W-DEQ- A was readable if administered to expectant women with a basic secondary school certificate; but there is a need to simplify some words. It was emphasized that societal dynamics play an important role in the fear of childbirth and therefore the questionnaire should address all aspects contributing to fear of childbirth and not merely the feelings and thoughts women may have at the prospect of labor and delivery.