Abstract
The social function of non-profit sports clubs is undeniable, so analyzing the factors that influence their performance is vital. The aim of this study is to understand the influence of entrepreneurial factors (entrepreneurial orientation) and environmental factors (dynamism, hostility and complexity) on social performance using a symmetrical (Hierarchical regression model) and asymmetrical (qualitative comparative analysis) approach. The social performance of this particular type of organization is of great importance in an environment where sustainability from a social point of view is increasingly on the agenda of governments, organizations and society in general. A total of 209 Spanish non-profit sports clubs were analyzed. The use of two complementary methodologies has made it possible to highlight the direct positive influence of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on performance in terms of social impact performance (SIP) and social causes performance (SCP). Similarly, complexity and dynamism have a direct influence on both types of performance, while high levels of hostility in the environment are related to low levels of social performance in both areas. The analysis of the interaction of environmental factors and sport entrepreneurship on social performance in sports clubs has not been previously addressed. Therefore, this study provides new information to elaborate on practical management implications for directors and managers of non-profit sport clubs.
Highlights
Physical activity and sport can have important health-related mental and physical benefits [1], as well as reducing the risk of serious diseases such as obesity and heart disease [2]
The predictive powers of the variables studied in the study were analyzed using the hierarchical regression model (HRM): the dependent variables were social impact performance (SIP) and social causes performance (SCP)
Taking into account the inclusion by steps: in the first step, entrepreneurial orientation (EO) explains 12% (∆R2 = 0.12; p = 0.001), and in the second step, by including the environment variables, 14% is explained (∆R2 = 0.14; p = 0.001), there being a significant change in the predictive power by including the environment variables (∆R2 = 0.034; p = 0.03)
Summary
Physical activity and sport can have important health-related mental and physical benefits [1], as well as reducing the risk of serious diseases such as obesity and heart disease [2] This is why European governments have focused their attention and efforts in recent decades on promoting physical activity and sport, from the “sport for all” policies in the 1960s and 1970s to the current sport policies that promote that as many people as possible can be physically active without feeling socially excluded [3]. Before European policies including Sports for All, sport was mainly an activity for a select group in society [4], this has evolved in a surprising way, and sport has become a major economic, social and cultural activity. New groups are finding their place in sports clubs: older people and women [4], refugees [9], people with disabilities [10] and people at risk of poverty [11]
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