Abstract
This study investigates the chemical kinetics of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) formation in plasma-activated water (PAW) using ambient air and evaluates its energy efficiency. A singular plasma/liquid reactor was used, with discharge power varying between 16.4 to 27.0 W and agitation speeds set at 0 and 750 rpm. The reactor operated across temperatures from 5.00 to 35.00 °C during a consistent 180 min plasma activation. Analysis encompassed ionic strength effects, hydronium activity, conductivity, and iodide as a redox indicator for PAW. Findings suggest reactive species predominantly originate in the gas phase and move to the liquid through the gas-liquid interface. HNO3 production in PAW demonstrated a zero-order, temperature-dependent reaction. From activation parameters and ionic strength effects, a determinant step for aqueous HNO3 production was proposed. The influence of discharge power and agitation on HNO3 and HNO2 production was associated with heightened rates due to increased mass transfer and electric field strength. The research highlighted a trade-off between energy efficiency and nitrate production rate, emphasizing an efficiency peak of 72.33 nmol J-1 in PAW, pivotal for cost and operational benefits.
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