Abstract
A brief analysis was conducted of organizational and technical methods of reducing the patient’s dose during radiographic examinations that are used in contemporary medicine. The paper considers optimization of the form of power supply voltage of X-ray tube as one of the efficient, but not sufficiently explored, areas of solving this problem. For its analysis, we propose a method of numerical simulation of the process of X-ray screening based on the experimentally obtained data. The results of experimental research are presented. Authors described the methods and results of calculation of influence of the form of power supply voltage of X-ray emitter on the total radiation dose of patients during medical examinations. To model the performance of several types of power units that operate on different physical principles, we created mathematical models that made it possible to calculate the instantaneous and integral values of all electrical parameters of X-ray tube, to find the integral dose of radiation in the plane of patient's location and to simulate a generalized reaction of the X-ray receiver of images on the ray flow that runs through the object of examination. Comparative analysis of the obtained results demonstrated that the total dose of radiation is significantly affected by the design and principle of operation of the power supply unit of X-ray tube, which is a part of the X-ray device. At the equivalent diagnostic quality of images, the difference in the X-ray dose of received by the patient in some modes may exceed 20 %. The assessment we performed indicates the feasibility of modernization of the outdated X-ray equipment with low frequency power units for the purpose of reducing the radiation dose through the improvement in the form of high voltage.
Highlights
In modern medicine, one of the most common and important methods of diagnosis is the X-ray study
From 40 % to 60 % of the total dose of ionizing radiation is received by the Earth’s population annually during medical diagnostic tests and therapeutic procedures that are performed with the use of ionizing radiation sources and their share continues to grow [3]
Along with the increase in the sensitivity of devices for registration of X-ray image, the reduction in these indicators is promoted by the use of modern X-ray devices with high-frequency power supply units because in the spectral structure of radiation in this case, the content of low-energy X-ray radiation substantially reduces, which is mostly absorbed by the body of a patient and does not provide valuable diagnostic information
Summary
One of the most common and important methods of diagnosis is the X-ray study. With high informativeness of X-ray studies, they have an essential shortcoming: establishment of diagnosis is impossible without radiation impact on the patient. From 40 % to 60 % of the total dose of ionizing radiation is received by the Earth’s population annually during medical diagnostic tests and therapeutic procedures that are performed with the use of ionizing radiation sources and their share continues to grow [3]. Along with the increase in the sensitivity of devices for registration of X-ray image, the reduction in these indicators is promoted by the use of modern X-ray devices with high-frequency power supply units because in the spectral structure of radiation in this case, the content of low-energy X-ray radiation substantially reduces, which is mostly absorbed by the body of a patient and does not provide valuable diagnostic information
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