Abstract
Based on rare fluctuations in strong interactions, we argue that there is a strong physical resemblance between the high multiplicity events in photo-nuclear collisions and those in $pA$ collisions, in which interesting long range collective phenomena are discovered. This indicates that the collectivity can also be studied in certain kinematic regions of the upcoming electron-ion collider (EIC), where the incoming virtual photon has a sufficiently long lifetime. Using a model in the color glass condensate formalism, we first show that the initial state interactions can explain the recent ATLAS azimuthal correlation results measured in the photo-nuclear collisions, and then we provide quantitative predictions for the long range correlations in $eA$ collisions in the EIC regime. With the unprecedented precision and the ability to change size of the collisional system, the high luminosity EIC will open a new window to explore the physical mechanism responsible for the collective phenomenon.
Highlights
Collective phenomenon seems to be ubiquitous and is observed almost everywhere in high energy hadron-hadron collisions
Using a model in the color glass condensate formalism, we first show that the initial state interactions can explain the recent ATLAS azimuthal correlation results measured in the photo-nuclear collisions, and we provide quantitative predictions for the long range correlations in eA collisions in the electron-ion collider (EIC) regime
The high luminosity EIC will offer an unprecedented opportunity to study the collective behavior of high multiplicity events
Summary
Collective phenomenon seems to be ubiquitous and is observed almost everywhere in high energy hadron-hadron collisions. Vn is known as the nth flow harmonics since the relativistic hydrodynamics framework can quantitatively and successfully explain [13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24] the collective behavior of soft light hadrons measured at both RHIC and the LHC In this framework, the underlying physics degrees of freedom becomes relativistic fluids since the number of produced particles after initial collisions are usually assumed to be sufficiently large in high multiplicity events. Another competitive explanation of the observed collectivity in small systems comes from initial state interactions [30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61] in the so-called color glass condensate
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