Abstract
Chronic conditions and falls are related issues faced by many aging adults. Stanford’s Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP) added brief fall-related content to the standardized 6-week workshop; however, no research had examined changes in Fall-related self-efficacy (SE) in response to CDSMP participation. This study explored relationships and changes in SE using the SE to manage chronic disease scale (SEMCD Scale) and the Fall Efficacy Scale (FallE Scale) in participants who successfully completed CDSMP workshops within a Southern state over a 10-month period. SE scale data were compared at baseline and post-intervention for 36 adults (mean age = 74.5, SD = ±9.64). Principal component analysis (PCA), using oblimin rotation was completed at baseline and post-intervention for the individual scales and then for analysis combining both scales as a single scale. Each scale loaded under a single component for the PCA at both baseline and post-intervention. When both scales were entered as single meta-scale, the meta-scale split along two factors with no double loading. SEMCD and FallE Scale scores were significantly correlated at baseline and post-intervention, at least p < 0.05. A significant proportion of participants improved their scores on the FallE Scale post-intervention (p = 0.038). The magnitude of the change was also significant only for the FallE Scale (p = 0.043). The SEMCD Scale scores did not change significantly. Study findings from the exploratory PCA and significant correlations indicated that the SEMCD Scale and the FallE Scale measured two distinct but related types of SE. Though the scale scores were correlated at baseline and post-intervention, only the FallE Scale scores significantly differed post-intervention. Given this relationship and CDSMP’s recent addition of a 10-min fall prevention segment, further exploration of CDSMP’s possible influence on Fall-related SE would provide useful understanding for health promotion in aging adults.
Highlights
Chronic disease has become an issue for over half of all adults in the U.S, older adults have an even higher rate for single and multiple chronic conditions (1)
Given the negative ramifications associated with chronic disease and falls among older adults, evidence-based programs (EBPs), especially those that focus on disease self-management and fall management and prevention, are key components of health promotion geared toward the older adult population (4)
This study explored baseline and post-intervention relationships between the SE to manage chronic conditions (SEMCD) and the SE to manage and prevent falls (Fall-related SE) for successful completers (4+ sessions) of Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP) workshops
Summary
Chronic disease has become an issue for over half of all adults in the U.S, older adults have an even higher rate for single and multiple chronic conditions (1). CDSMP and typical fall prevention programing share some general content, including the use of action plans, the importance of exercise, medication issues, effective communication, and focus on promoting SE (5, 7–10). The most recent version of CDSMP added content to address falls with a 10-min activity entitled “Preventing Falls and Improving Balance” (11). During this session, leaders review and brainstorm risks for falls and follow up with a review of ways to reduce fall risk (11). The intersecting issues of multiple conditions and fall risk may be at least partially addressed in an integrated manner through this addition of fall-related content (fall-specific and general) within a general self-management program, such as CDSMP
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