Abstract
ObjectivesTo compare the risk of non‐skin cancer in LRRK2 mutation carriers and individuals with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD), explore the age at which LRRK2 mutation carriers have cancer compared to iPD subjects, and clarify whether certain cancers are more closely associated with the LRRK2 mutation than iPD.Materials and MethodsDemographic data and cancer outcomes from 830 iPD patients and 103 LRRK2 mutation carriers (27 with PD) were retrospectively collected. Oncologic data were obtained from the Cancer Registry of Norway and included cancer type and age at cancer. All study participants were of Norwegian ethnicity.Results LRRK2 mutation carriers have increased risk of non‐skin cancer compared with iPD subjects (OR 2.09; 95% CI 1.16–3.77; p = .015). A significant association was found between the mutation and breast cancer in women (OR 4.58; 95% CI 1.45–14.51; p = .010). No other associations between harboring a LRRK2 mutation and specific cancer types were uncovered.Conclusion LRRK2 mutation carriers have an increased risk of non‐skin cancer compared with iPD subjects, which was mainly driven by the association between harboring the mutation and breast cancer in women. The increased risk is likely independent of ethnicity.
Highlights
It has long been believed that patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have a reduced risk of cancer
The objectives of this study were to compare the risk of non-s kin cancer in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutation carriers and individuals with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (iPD), explore the age at which LRRK2 mutation carriers have cancer compared to iPD subjects, and clarify whether certain cancers are more closely associated with the LRRK2 mutation than iPD
LRRK2 mutation carriers have significantly increased age and sex adjusted risk of non-skin cancer compared with iPD subjects
Summary
It has long been believed that patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have a reduced risk of cancer. Dominant and recessive gene mutations, and risk loci have been described in both familial and sporadic PD (Klein & Westenberger, 2012) Several of these genes may regulate cell cycle, and some of the mutations have been implicated in cancer (Inzelberg & Jankovic, 2007; West, Dawson, & Dawson, 2005). These studies have been inconclusive, the majority indicate an increased risk of cancer in PD patients with the G2019S mutation compared with idiopathic PD (iPD; Agalliu et al, 2015; Allegra, Tunesi, Cilia, Pezzoli, & Goldwurm, 2014; Inzelberg et al, 2012; Ruiz-Martinez et al, 2014; Saunders-P ullman et al, 2010) This holds particular true for breast cancer in women (Agalliu et al, 2015; Inzelberg et al, 2012). The objectives of this study were to compare the risk of non-s kin cancer in LRRK2 mutation carriers and individuals with iPD, explore the age at which LRRK2 mutation carriers have cancer compared to iPD subjects, and clarify whether certain cancers are more closely associated with the LRRK2 mutation than iPD
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