Exploring Canadian Ramsar Sites Ecosystem Governance and Sustainability

Abstract

The Ramsar Convention came into effect in 1975 and Canada joined in 1981. Since then, Canada has designated 37 Ramsar sites. We examined the types of governance and management activities used in the 37 Canadian Ramsar sites as essential elements for the sustainability of a site. How ecosystem governance could further support environmental sustainability was also explored. Each site was assessed using sustainability indicators developed based on the Ramsar Convention Strategic Plan 2016–2024 and the 14 priority areas of focus including the presence of co-management structures, updated management plans, and monitoring programs. The priority areas of focus support the Ramsar Convention global commitment of wise use conservation, effective management and cooperation. The assessment scores greatly varied in terms of management plans, governance structures and reporting procedures with some sites, such as Old Crow Flats, having high sustainability scores while others, such as Southern James Bay, have low scores. Reasons for variation related to the lack of updated management plans and inadequate monitoring and reporting programs. Sustainability Science provides linkages between ecological and social systems, underpinned by participatory and collaborative governance structures. Canadian Ramsar sites provide a living example of how social-ecological characteristics should be integrated to ensure ecological sustainability.