Abstract
Creativity, in one sense, can be seen as an effort or action to bring novelty. Following this, we explore how a robot can be creative by bringing novelty in a human–robot interaction (HRI) scenario. Studies suggest that proactivity is closely linked with creativity. Proactivity can be defined as acting or interacting by anticipating future needs or actions. This study aims to explore the effect of proactive behavior and the relation of such behaviors to the two aspects of creativity: 1) the perceived creativity observed by the user in the robot’s proactive behavior and 2) creativity of the user by assessing how creativity in HRI can be shaped or influenced by proactivity. We do so by conducting an experimental study, where the robot tries to support the user on the completion of the task regardless of the end result being novel or not and does so by exhibiting anticipatory proactive behaviors. In our study, the robot instantiates a set of verbal communications as proactive robot behavior. To our knowledge, the study is among the first to establish and investigate the relationship between creativity and proactivity in the HRI context, based on user studies. The initial results have indicated a relationship between observed proactivity, creativity, and task achievement. It also provides valuable pointers for further investigation in this domain.
Highlights
Robots are becoming more and more a part of our lives
We conducted a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) in each of our hypotheses to see if they are different for the three conditions: no (n 10), medium (n 10), and high (n 10) proactive behavior with a post hoc t-test to compare differences in paired conditions
This study attempts to explore the behavioral aspect of creativity in robots in the context of human–robot interaction
Summary
Robots are becoming more and more a part of our lives. We encounter robots in our houses as assistants, at schools as tutors or peers, and at marketplaces as guides or shopping assistants. There is a need to investigate how such behaviors might be related to the users’ expectations, causing some kind of confusion, or even related to the user’s creativity. This will help in crafting the right level of behavior and suggestions that the robot should be providing. It is a way to consider things from a different perspective, be creative, and have a different look at daily life problems. It depends on the knowledge of the individuals. Divergent thinking is defined as the ability to produce diverse ideas (Runco, 1993)
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