Abstract
Abstract. A distinct gap in our ability to understand changes in coastal biology that may be associated with recent ocean acidification is the paucity of directly measured ocean environmental parameters at coastal sites in recent decades. Thus, many researchers have turned to sclerochronological reconstructions of water chemistry to document the historical seawater environment. In this study, we explore the relationships between B/Ca and pH to test the feasibility of B/Ca measured on the ion probe as a pH proxy in the California mussel, Mytilus californianus. Heterogeneity in a range of ion microprobe standards is assessed, leading to reproducible B/Ca ratios at the 5% level. The B/Ca data exhibit large excursions during winter months, which are particularly pronounced during the severe winters of 2004–2005 and 2005–2006. Furthermore, B/Ca ratios are offset in different parts of the skeleton that calcified at the same time. We compare the M. californianus B/Ca record to directly measured environmental data during mussel growth from the period of 1999–2009 to examine whether seawater chemistry or temperature plays a role in controlling shell B/Ca. A suite of growth rate models based on measured temperature are compared to the B/Ca data to optimise the potential fit of B/Ca to pH. Despite sampling conditions that were well-suited to testing a pH control on B/Ca, including a close proximity to an environmental record, a distinct change in pH at the sampling locale, and a growth model designed to optimise the correlations between seawater pH and shell B/Ca, we do not see a strong correlations between pH and shell B/Ca (maximum coefficient of determination, r2, of 0.207). Instead, our data indicate a strong biological control on B/Ca as observed in some other carbonate-forming organisms.
Highlights
The accretionary skeletons of modern and fossil organisms can provide valuable archival information about past environmental conditions and climate
Despite sampling conditions that were well-suited to testing a pH control on B/Ca, including a close proximity to an environmental record, a distinct change in pH at the sampling locale, and a growth model designed to optimise the correlations between seawater pH and shell B/Ca, we do not see a strong correlations between pH and shell B/Ca
By following this approach we found that replicate analyses on adjacent samples on the M. californianus sample section are within 3 % when measured on the same day and 5 % when measured on different days
Summary
The accretionary skeletons of modern and fossil organisms can provide valuable archival information about past environmental conditions and climate. Chemical impurities incorporated in skeletal tissue, including trace metals and stable isotopes, can be used to reconstruct an organism’s growth environment as a time series over its lifetime. Such sclerochronological data are commonly used in the geosciences to reconstruct past environments where no instrumental data exist. Reconstruction of ocean chemistry, pH, has become increasingly important as the marine scientific community focuses attention on climate change. The responses of nearshore organisms to ocean acidification could be a pervasive and critical problem for marine ecosystems, and it is important to assess the extent of recent ocean acidification in the nearshore environment
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