Abstract
Artemisia annua L. (Chinese wormwood herb, Asteraceae) synthesizes artemisinin, which is known as qinghaosu, considers as a unique sesquiterpene endoperoxide lactone. In traditional Chinese medicine, it has been used for the treatment of fevers and haemorrhoides. More researches on Artemisia annua L. and its derivatives, especially artemisinin and other metabolites will help to increase the knowledge and value of A. annua and its constituents. Phenolics from Artemisia annua consists of coumarins, flavones, flavonols, phenolic acids, and miscellaneous. Artemisinin has attracted much attention from scientists due to its potent antimalarial properties as secondary metabolites. Moreover, more attentions are focusing on the roles of artemisinin and its derivatives in treating obesity and metabolic diseases. They also have anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-protozoa, anti-helminthic, anti-fungal, anti-angiogenic and antiproliferation properties. The most important derivatives of Artemisia annua L. are arteether, artemether, artemiside, artemisinin, artemisone, artesunate, and dihydroartemisinin. Artemisinin also use against some cancers such as liver cancer, brain glioma, leukemia, nasopharyngeal cancer, gallbladder cancer, gastric cancer, cervical cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer and colon cancer. This important gift from ancient Chinese traditional medicine can guarantee health of people all around the world. Further researches should be done on the new advances and development of artemisinin and its derivatives as potential natural medicine in the global fight against so many diseases, malaria included.
Highlights
For thousand years, the most commonly treatment which has been widely used in different parts of the world, especially Asia was traditional herbal medicines (Shahrajabian et al, 2020a, b; Sun et al, 2020a, b), because of containing various ranges of chemical contents with different pharmacological applications
Artemisia annua L. (Chinese wormwood herb, Asteraceae) synthesizes artemisinin, which is known as qinghaosu, considers as a unique sesquiterpene endoperoxide lactone
More researches on Artemisia annua L. and its derivatives, especially artemisinin and other metabolites will help to increase the knowledge and value of A. annua and its constituents
Summary
The most commonly treatment which has been widely used in different parts of the world, especially Asia was traditional herbal medicines (Shahrajabian et al, 2020a, b; Sun et al, 2020a, b), because of containing various ranges of chemical contents with different pharmacological applications. The biosynthesis of artemisinin was reported in the shoot cultures and genetically modified roots (hairy roots) of A. annua (Ram et al, 2014) Its derivatives such as artesunate, dihydroartemisinin and artemether are the most potential antimalarials available, rapidly killing all asexual stages of the parasite Plasmodium flaciparum (O, Neill, 2005). Lang et al (2019) announced that an extract of an artemisinin-deficient Artemisia annua herbal preparation exhibits potent anti-cancer activity against triple negative human breast cancer. D. An extract of an artemisinindeficient Artemisia annua herbal preparation exhibits potent anticancer activity against triple negative human breast cancer.
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