Exploring Armenian Ethnicity as an Independent Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease: Findings from a Prospective Cohort of Patients in a County Hospital.

Abstract

ObjectivesWhile several studies have examined the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in larger racial and ethnic groups within the United States, limited information is available on smaller sub-populations, such as Armenians, with high rates of CVD in their home country. This study examined the association between Armenian ethnicity and a positive exercise treadmill test (ETT).DesignProspective cohort study of patients at a 377-bed county hospital in Los Angeles, California from 2008–2011.SettingAll patients were interviewed at the time of ETT to assess their cardiovascular risk factors at the cardiac laboratory of the hospital.Participants5,006 patients between 18–89 years of age, of whom 12.6% were of Armenian ethnicity and 54.4% were female.Main Outcome Measure: ETT results as a proxy for CVD risk.ResultsAfter adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors, Armenian ethnicity was significantly associated with higher odds of positive ETT (OR = 1.40, p = 0.01). Known coronary artery disease CAD (OR = 2.28, p < 0.01), hyperlipidemia (OR = 1.37, p < 0.01), and hypertension (OR = 1.24, p = 0.05) were significantly associated with higher odds of a positive ETT. In subgroup analyses, hyperlipidemia was the only significant predictor of positive ETT (OR = 1.92, p = 0.02) among Armenians, while patient history of CAD (OR = 2.49, p < 0.01), hyperlipidemia (OR = 1.29, p = 0.03), and age (OR = 1.04, p < 0.01) were significant predictors among non-Armenians. Armenian ethnicity remained associated with higher odds of positive ETT (OR = 1.40, p < 0.01) when patients with CAD were excluded.ConclusionArmenian ethnicity may be an independent risk factor for CVD, influenced by the uniformity of the genetic pool and cultural and dietary exposures.