Abstract
It is known that current trends on bone bioengineering seek ideal scaffolds and explore innovative methods to restore tissue function. In this way, the objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of anorganic bovine bone as osteoblast carrier in critical-size calvarial defects. MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells (1x10(5) cells/well) were cultured on granules of anorganic bovine bone in 24-well plates and after 24 h these granules were implanted into rat critical-size calvarial defects (group Biomaterial + Cells). In addition, other groups were established with different fillings of the defect: Blood Clot (negative control); Autogenous Bone (positive control); Biomaterial (only granules) and Cells (only MC3T3-E1 cells). After 30 days, the animals were euthanized and the calvaria were technically processed in order to allow histological and morphometric analysis. It was possible to detect blood vessels, connective tissue and newly formed bone in all groups. Particularly in the Biomaterial + Cells group, it was possible to observe a profile of biological events between the positive control group (autogenous bone) and the group in which only anorganic bovine granules were implanted. Altogether, the results of the present study showed that granules of anorganic bovine bone can be used as carrier to osteoblasts and that adding growth factors at the moment of implantation should maximize these results.
Highlights
Bone bioengineering has emerged as a potential field in regenerative medicine as a support for the reconstruction of critical-size bone defects generated in different ways, such as bone tumor resection or bone loss due to trauma [1]
Because Stephan et al [14] have shown that cultured rat osteoblasts interact with the surface of anorganic porous bone, promoting cell adhesion, proliferation and maturation, the present study investigated the biological response of this combination in criticalsize calvarial defects
The last two decades have witnessed a major breakthrough in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering [16]
Summary
Bone bioengineering has emerged as a potential field in regenerative medicine as a support for the reconstruction of critical-size bone defects generated in different ways, such as bone tumor resection or bone loss due to trauma [1]. There are several approaches to bone tissue engineering, but all involve one or more of the following key ingredients: harvested cells, recombinant signaling molecules, and three-dimensional (3D) matrices. In this way, several graft materials have been used for the restoration of these defects [1,2,3,4,5]. A graft ideally needs to promote bone growth in order to restore a functional tissue. Among the candidate biomaterials to be scaffolds for recovering bone losses, calcium phosphate (Ca-P)-
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