Exploring animal genetic resources of the domestic chicken and their behavior in the open field

Abstract

Animal welfare is of general interest, and in the farming arena, efforts have increased to create optimal conditions for poultry production. Detailed and standardized studies on specific behavioral issues, such as fear, exploration, and social reinstatement behavior, are needed to support these initiatives. The variables mentioned can be directly queried from the animal in the open field to provide information on welfare-related behavioral traits, such as general fearfulness and balanced emotionality. Animal genetic resources help us get an insight into the possible diversity of behavioral responses. The majority of these responses can be identified as breed-specific and thus genetically correlated, providing a starting point for future breeding objectives. The behavioral responses of a chicken can be related to the breeding history of the population or to the experience gained during its lifetime. Both may go hand in hand to enable the animal to adapt to its environment, contributing to animal welfare.