Abstract
The production of bio-oil is a complex process influenced by various parameters. Optimizing these parameters can significantly enhance bio-oil yield, thus improving process efficiency. This study aims to develop a predictive model for bio-oil yield using the Gradient Boosting Regression (GBR) technique. It also seeks to identify the key factors affecting bio-oil yield and determine the optimal conditions for maximizing production. The GBR model was constructed using data collected from the literature. The model's performance was evaluated based on its determination coefficients for training and testing datasets. Optimization studies were conducted to identify the best conditions for bio-oil production. The GBR model demonstrated high precision, with determination coefficients of 0.983 and 0.913 for the training and testing datasets, respectively, indicating its effectiveness in predicting bio-oil yield. The optimal conditions for maximizing bio-oil yield were identified as 20 min of pyrolysis time, a temperature of 771 °C, and 524W of microwave power. The two-way PDP analysis provided valuable insights into the interactive effects of temperature with other factors, enhancing the understanding of the dynamics of the bio-oil production process. This study not only identifies the most impactful variables for bio-oil yield but also offers critical guidance for optimizing the production process.
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