Abstract
This study explored the factor structure of psychiatric nurses' job-related stress and examined the specificity of the related stressors using the job stressor scale of the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ). The stressor scale of the BJSQ was administered to 296 nurses and assistant nurses. Answers were examined statistically. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to identify factor structures; two factors (overload and job environment) were valid. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to examine the two-factor structure and found 11 items with factor loadings of >0.40 (model 1), 13 items with factor loadings from 0.30 to <0.40 (model 2), and 17 items with factor loadings from 0.20 to <0.30 (model 3) for one factor; model 1 demonstrated the highest goodness of fit. Then, we observed that the two-factor structure (model 1) showed a higher goodness of fit than the original six-factor structure. This differed from subscales based on general workers' job-related stressors, suggesting that the factor structure of psychiatric nurses' job-related stressors is specific. Further steps may be necessary to reduce job-related stress specifically related to overload including attention to many needs of patients and job environment including complex ethical dilemmas in psychiatric nursing.
Highlights
In recent years, because of the transition from hospital to community-based psychiatric care [1, 2], knowledge and skills of both community and hospital psychiatric nursing are necessary for treating psychiatric patients
Patients often have physical complaints [4], and approximately 90% of elderly patients with dementia in psychiatric care have been reported to have physical complications that require treatment [5]. Caring for both the mental and physical health of the patient is especially important for psychiatric nurses; their roles have continued to expand over the years, in association with increases in the mental health services supplied by psychiatric departments [6]
In model 1, the AIC was superior to the AIC for models 2 and 3 and six-factor structure model, and while the other indices (GFI, AGFI, CFI, RMSEA) were better, they were similar to the general standard (χ2/df ratio < 3, GFI > 0.90, AGFI > 0.90, CFI > 0.90, RMSEA < 0.08) [37]
Summary
Because of the transition from hospital to community-based psychiatric care [1, 2], knowledge and skills of both community and hospital psychiatric nursing are necessary for treating psychiatric patients. Patients often have physical complaints [4], and approximately 90% of elderly patients with dementia in psychiatric care have been reported to have physical complications that require treatment [5]. Caring for both the mental and physical health of the patient is especially important for psychiatric nurses; their roles have continued to expand over the years, in association with increases in the mental health services supplied by psychiatric departments [6]. To the best of our knowledge, few studies investigating the characteristics of psychiatric nurses’ job-related stress have been conducted
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