Exploratory Factor Analysis of Lighting As Preferable Physical Environment Attribute

Abstract

A great design is something that satisfied both client need and desire, whilst it is a challenge of innovation is to go beyond aesthetics. Literature reviews have developed several survey regarded to interpret the ideal images of the attraction factor from the prospective customer where the prospective and retrospectives approaches happened. A coffee shop is a cultural trend where the function is not only a drinking place. The issue of short sustain in coffee shop service while the current mushrooming of the coffee shop business everywhere lead to understanding the factor of customers preference in selecting a coffee shop. This paper aims to determine component of lighting as preferable physical environment using exploratory factor analysis in SPSS. The constructs of lighting comprised of comfortable lighting, enough lighting, bright lighting, natural lighting, energy saving lighting, candle lighting and colorful lighting. The components of the attributes were identifies after the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) using Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster analysis from 188 prospective customers consisted of 38.3% male respondents and 61.7% female respondents, resulted two main components extracted namely natural lighting and artificial lighting. The distinct factors determine the preferable lighting attributes by the prospective customers towards the natural lighting compared to artificial lighting. The opening therefore must put as design priority for a coffee shop to allow natural penetration of lighting to the interior. The selection of material and building components also can be part of the consideration in allowing the access of natural lighting with minimal artificial lighting used. The result potentially applied in architecture, service design and innovation industry to produce preferable lighting condition by the client.