Abstract
Beitang landscape is a production system and land use pattern that ancient people created to adapt to droughts and floods during a long traditional farming culture. It has a critical reference meaning for water resource use and water systems protection in modern cities. Taking the Shangzhuang Basin (China) as an example, this study used multi-source data, such as remote sensing images, Beitang vector dataset, land-use dataset, elevation, slope, river, road, and field survey, to investigate the spatial distribution and influencing factors Beitang landscape. Results showed that in a typical small watershed basin, an area of ponds accounted for 1.0%, about 12 ponds per square kilometer—the average area of ponds is 814 m2, of which the vast majority is less than 1000 m2. The study found that the spatial distribution of Beitang in the Shangzhuang Basin has cluster characteristics, influenced by elevation, slope, aspect, river, roads, villages, farmland, woodland, and other factors, all of which have closely related to the natural environment development and human activities. The upstream, middle, and downstream of three Beitang landscapes were coordinated to support the Beitang landscape system in the small watershed of the basin. Findings provided a model for protecting and utilizing natural water systems in rural areas during the construction of sponge cities.
Highlights
The Beitang landscape, containing the art of survival [1], is the carrier of the relationship between the people and the land in the farming era [2]
The Beitang landscape is a production system and land use pattern that ancient people created to adapt to droughts and floods during a long traditional farming culture [6]
We propose an exploratory spatial analysis of the Beitang landscape
Summary
The Beitang landscape, containing the art of survival [1], is the carrier of the relationship between the people and the land in the farming era [2]. The study of the spatial layout and structural characteristics of the Beitang landscape, especially related work on adaptive characteristics of drought and flood, brings a deep understanding of the operation and adaptation mechanisms of the rural natural water system [1], gets further rethought and puts forward an important reference on the urban and rural water environment management, flood control planning and land management along with a background in urbanization [3–5]. The Beitang landscape is a production system and land use pattern that ancient people created to adapt to droughts and floods during a long traditional farming culture [6]. The effects for rural area is essential for sustainable city research [8–13] and the Beitang landscape brings benefits for the rural area [14,15]
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