Abstract
In recent years, we have seen spectacular growth in the experimental and theoretical investigations of magnetic properties of small subatomic particles: electrons, positrons, muons, and neutrinos. However, conventional methods for establishing these properties for atomic nuclei are also in progress, due to new, more sophisticated theoretical achievements and experimental results performed using modern spectroscopic devices. In this review, a brief outline of the history of experiments with nuclear magnetic moments in magnetic fields of noble gases is provided. In particular, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and atomic beam magnetic resonance (ABMR) measurements are included in this text. Various aspects of NMR methodology performed in the gas phase are discussed in detail. The basic achievements of this research are reviewed, and the main features of the methods for the noble gas isotopes: 3He, 21Ne, 83Kr, 129Xe, and 131Xe are clarified. A comprehensive description of short lived isotopes of argon (Ar) and radon (Rn) measurements is included. Remarks on the theoretical calculations and future experimental intentions of nuclear magnetic moments of noble gases are also provided.
Highlights
The seven chemical elements known as noble belong to the VIIIa group of the periodic table
The aim of this review is to show the developments of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in the field of precisely establishing nuclear dipole moments for nuclei that belong to the group of noble gases
Several physico-chemical techniques can serve as a source of nuclear magnetic moments (NMMs) values: microwave spectroscopy, atomic and molecular beam experiments, optical spectroscopy, optical double resonance and pumping techniques, Mössbauer spectroscopy, nuclear orientation, specific heat measurements, and dynamic nuclear self-polarization
Summary
The seven chemical elements known as noble (or rare gases) belong to the VIIIa (or 18th) group of the periodic table. These are: helium (2He), neon (10Ne), argon (18Ar), krypton (36Kr), xenon (54Xe), radon (86Rn), and oganesson (118Og). Their positions in the periodic table of elements are still the subject of some controversy [1]. Noble gases can be found in the Earth’s atmosphere in trace amounts: 0.00052% of helium, 0.0018% of neon, 0.93% of argon, 0.00011% of krypton, 0.0000087% of xenon, and 6 × 10−18 molar percent of radon
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