Exploration of theoretical conceptualizations of the causes of college dropout

Abstract

This paper addresses the crucial issue of student dropout at the university level, exploring various theories that explain the reasons behind this phenomenon. It highlights key factors such as socioeconomic, personal and academic problems that contribute to dropout. Previous research findings indicate that economic problems, such as lack of financial resources and the high cost of higher education, are a significant cause of dropout. In addition, personal challenges, such as low self-esteem and psychological problems, also influence the decision to drop out. In the academic field, low performance and lack of guidance are determining factors in student dropout. Educational institutions play an important role in providing financial support, academic guidance and retention programs to address these problems. Three types of dropout are identified: early, temporary and permanent, each with its own characteristics. In addition, the concept of procrastination is addressed, which refers to the procrastination of academic tasks, which can lead to underachievement and, ultimately, dropout. It is suggested that procrastination can be addressed through motivational and metacognitive strategies, as well as through the promotion of routines and habits that improve academic self-control. Overall, understanding the multiple causes of student dropout is essential to develop effective strategies to promote student retention and academic success at the university level, both nationally and internationally.