Exploration of the rumen microbial diversity and carbohydrate active enzyme profile of black Bengal goat using metagenomic approach

Abstract

Black Bengal goats possess a rich source of rumen microbiota that helps them to adapt for the better utilization of plant biomaterial into energy and nutrients, a task largely performed by enzymes encoded by the rumen microbiota. Therefore the study was designed in order to explore the taxonomic profile of rumen microbial communities and potential biomass degradation enzymes present in the rumen of back Bengal goat using Illumina Nextseq-500 platform. A total of 83.18 million high-quality reads were generated and bioinformatics analysis was performed using various tools and subsequently, the predicted ORFs along with the rRNA containing contigs were then uploaded to MG-RAST to analyze taxonomic and functional profiling. The results highlighted that Bacteriodetes (41.38–59.74%) were the most abundant phyla followed by Firmicutes (30.59–39.96%), Proteobacteria (5.07–7.61%), Euryarcheaota (0.71–7.41%), Actinobacteria (2.05–2.75%). Genes that encode glycoside hydrolases (GHs) had the highest number of CAZymes, and accounted for (39.73–37.88%) of all CAZymes in goat rumen. The GT families were the second-most abundant in CAZymes (23.73–23.11%) and followed by Carbohydrate Binding module Domain (17.65–15.61%), Carbohydrate Esterase (12.90–11.95%). This study indicated that goat rumen had complex functional microorganisms produce numerous CAZymes, and that can be further effectively utilised for applied ruminant research and industry based applications.