Abstract
In the present work, first the hydrophilic surface of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) was modified with citric acid and then with vitamin C as bilayer surface modification for better compatibility with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrix. The process was accomplished under ultrasonic method as a fast, low‐cost, and green method. The modified TiO2 NPs were incorporated into the PVC matrix using the ultrasonic method. The resulting films (4, 8, and 12 wt%) were characterized by various techniques, including Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, ultraviolet‐Visible analysis, and mechanical tensile test, and their morphology was investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The appearance of new peaks (carbonyl group) and also its shift in the Fourier‐transform infrared spectrum of modified TiO2 NPs confirmed the presence of citric acid and vitamin C on the surface of the NPs. The resulting data of thermal gravimetric analysis showed improvement in thermal stability of the NC films. Also, strain and elongation of the samples increased in comparison with the pure PVC. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 23:E15–E24, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
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