Abstract
Background Mongolian medicine is a systematic theoretical system, which is based on the balance among Heyi, Xila, and Badagan. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the characteristics of intestinal microbiota and metabolites in different rat models of Mongolian medicine. Methods After establishing rat models of Heyi, Xila, and Badagan, we integrated 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics. Results Heyi, Xila, and Badagan rats had significantly altered intestinal microbial composition compared with rats in the MCK group. They showed 11, 18, and 8 significantly differential bacterial biomarkers and 22, 11, and 15 differential metabolites, respectively. The glucosinolate biosynthesis pathway was enriched only in Heyi rats; the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids pathway and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway were enriched only in Xila rats; the isoflavonoid biosynthesis pathway, the glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism pathway, and the arginine and proline metabolism pathway were enriched only in Badagan rats. Conclusions The intestinal microbiota, metabolites, and metabolic pathways significantly differed among Heyi, Xila, and Badagan rats compared with control group rats.
Highlights
Traditional Mongolian medicine is an indigenous medicine system widely practiced in China, especially in the Inner Mongolia region [1]. e systematic theoretical system of Mongolian medicine is based on the balance among three roots: Heyi, Xila, and Badagan
We explored the characteristics of intestinal microbiota and metabolites via an integrated analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics in three Mongolian medicine rat models (Heyi, Xila, and Badagan rat models) to further understand the possible mechanisms underlying diseases related to the three roots in Mongolian medicine. e results would provide deeper insights into the function of intestinal microbiota
Based on the results of 16S rRNA sequence analysis, the changes of intestinal microbiota of three different Mongolian medicine rat models and control group rats were investigated. e results were clustered in operational taxonomic units (OTU) based on over 97% similarity. e rarefaction curves, based on the number of sample reads and OTUs, tended to be flat (Figure S1), indicating that the amount of sequencing data was sufficient to reflect the species diversity in all samples
Summary
Traditional Mongolian medicine is an indigenous medicine system widely practiced in China, especially in the Inner Mongolia region [1]. e systematic theoretical system of Mongolian medicine is based on the balance among three roots: Heyi, Xila, and Badagan. E systematic theoretical system of Mongolian medicine is based on the balance among three roots: Heyi, Xila, and Badagan. E Heyi, Xila, and Badagan rat models constructed based on the “Four-Part Medicine Classics” [2] would enhance our understanding of Mongolian medicine. Erefore, it is important to understand the underlying pathogenesis of different diseases by comparing the composition of intestinal microbiota in Heyi, Xila, and Badagan rat models. To the best of our knowledge, no previous study has linked intestinal microbiota to the different aspects of Heyi, Xila, and Badagan in Mongolian medicine. Is study aimed to explore the characteristics of intestinal microbiota and metabolites in different rat models of Mongolian medicine. E intestinal microbiota, metabolites, and metabolic pathways significantly differed among Heyi, Xila, and Badagan rats compared with control group rats Conclusions. e intestinal microbiota, metabolites, and metabolic pathways significantly differed among Heyi, Xila, and Badagan rats compared with control group rats
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