Exploration of ternary-hybrid nanofluid experiencing Coriolis and Lorentz forces: case of three-dimensional flow of water conveying carbon nanotubes, graphene, and alumina nanoparticles

Abstract

ABSTRACT There is a rising industrial need to enhance the thermal properties of fluid as they flow over surfaces. Practical applications include coolants in electronics, heat exchangers and heat transfer liquids. This study communicates flow and heat transfer in magnetohydrodynamic ternary hybrid nanofluid over a rotating three-dimensional surface with the impact of suction velocity. The transport equations are transformed from partial into ordinary differential equations and subsequently solved numerically using the bvp4c solver, which executes the fourth-order three-stage Lobatto IIIa formula finite difference scheme. The impacts of the developmental factors on the velocity and temperature distribution are depicted and discussed using various graphics. The observed results are in great agreement with relevant published studies in the literature under various limiting conditions. It is worth concluding that the stretching parameter decelerates the flow of the ternary hybrid nanofluid in the x direction and lowers the surface temperature, whereas there is enhancement of the velocity field in the y direction with growth in the stretching parameter.