Exploration of Ion Channels in the Clitoris: a Review

Abstract

This review investigates known research on ion channels expressed in the clitoris. Specifically, discussing the role these channels play in clitoral arousal, their contributions to sexual dysfunction, and their potential use as a pharmacological targeted treatment. In addition, we propose channels that should be considered as candidate proteins involved in female sexual dysfunction. Review of studies published from 1811–2017, found that only BKCa, SK, and TRPA1 channels have been explored in the clitoris. These studies have identified these channels in clitoral tissue and have suggested their involvement in the nitric oxide-cGMP mediated pathway of erection. However, these studies have not resulted in additional or improved treatment options for female patients with sexual dysfunction. Finally, we suggested the consideration of voltage-gated sodium channels as candidate proteins to explore in sexual dysfunction, due to the comorbid relationship with epilepsy. Based on these findings, further research is needed into these channels and their role in female sexual arousal. Investments into this area of research have the potential for improving our understanding of sexual dysfunction of arousal, improving pharmacological treatments, and ultimately improving quality of life for patients.