Exploration of Indolo[3,2c]isoquinoline derived triazoles as potential antimicrobial and DNA cleavage agents: Synthesis, DFT calculations, and molecular modeling studies

Abstract

Indole and its derivatives are well-known assorted motif in drug design and development. We here in reporting synthesis of new 9-chloro-1-(4-substituted phenyl)-12H-indolo[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-a]isoquinolines 7 (a-h). Structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by making use of spectroscopic techniques like IR, NMR and Mass. The DFT calculations were taken for the selected molecules using CAM-B3LYP hybrid functional with a 6–31 + g(d) all-electron basis set using the Gaussian 09 package. The drug-likeness predictions were described for the synthesized derivatives. The In vitro antimicrobial and DNA cleavage activities were reported for all compounds 7 (a-h). The compounds 7a, 7b, and 7h showed excellent microbial inhibition and DNA cleavage activity as compared to standard drugs. Furthermore, the docking studies for the newly synthesized molecules were carried out by Auto dock software with two molecular targets Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor tyrosine kinase (1 M17) and C-kit Tyrosine Kinase (1 T46) exhibited better binding affinity of all synthesized compounds. In addition, the docking results were observed to be in full agreement with the in vitro DNA cleavage assay suggesting the potential of synthesized metal complexes in biological applications. Lastly, the protein stability, fluctuations of APO-Protein, and protein–ligand complexes were investigated through Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations studies using Desmond Maestro 11.3 and potential lead molecules were identified.