Abstract
Impinging jets have been fascinating experimentalists and numerical modellers for many years with seemingly simple geometries revealing complex flow characteristics. Due to their high heat and mass transfer rates, impinging jets find wide use in engineering and industrial applications. Not only is the impinging jet interesting in isolation but it is often found as part of a more complex flow situation within an industrial setting. The dilemma for analysts under commercial pressure is always what level of detail is required for the results to be helpful but available in a reasonable time. The aims of this paper are: To understand a horizontal confined heated impinging jet using a combination of visualisation, experimental and numerical techniques. To understand the significance numerical modelling decisions can have in the context of an industrial setting. To make informed decisions about turbulence modelling dependent on the context of the flow problem.
Highlights
Numerical methods are increasingly being used to understand complex industrial flows
The numerical and experimental approaches are complementary and when used appropriately they create a synergy that delivers greater benefit than either approach used in isolation
The flow in the impingement region of the jet was turbulent despite the Reynolds number of the flow in the inlet pipe indicating laminar flow
Summary
Numerical methods are increasingly being used to understand complex industrial flows. The mass transfer properties are exploited in applications such as mine ventilation, spray painting, rockets and vertical-take-off-and-landing vehicles [3] As well as their many industrial and practical applications impinging jets lend themselves very well to being used as benchmark test cases for numerical validation as the relatively simple geometries have flow characteristics that can be extremely complex and challenging to model. Pressure reflections from the impingement surface dampen velocity fluctuations normal to the wall, causing both slower growth of the radial wall jet compared to a free-air jet and sensitivity of the flow to streamline curvature [3] These features prove to be somewhat difficult to represent with existing turbulence models [5]. Non-vertical configurations add complexity through non-uniform heating and buoyancy effects [8]
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