Abstract
Exploratory surveys were carried out in the Andamans and Nicobar group of islands during 2006 and 2014 to locate wild species viz. Mangifera andamanica King, Mangifera camptosperma Pierre and Mangifera griffithii Hook. Not much variation was observed for fruit shape and size for the species Mangifera andamanica, which was endemic to this region. The species M. griffithii has been reported to be only in Mt. Harriet. However, another plant of M. griffithii in the Shoalbay region was found during the second survey. The foliage & fruit characteristics of the two specimens were similar, with a slight difference in the morphological features, which could be attributed to their origin from seeds. The DNA finger printing carried out showed minor changes in the species. The phylogenetic relationships amongst five Mangifera species viz. M. indica, M. griffithii, M. camptosperma, M. odorata and M. andamanica were analyzed by employing chloroplast markers viz., petB-petD intergenic spacer, rps16 gene, trnL-trnF intergenic spacer and nuclear marker—External Transcribed Spacer (ETS). The nuclear markers and chloroplast markers based on phylogenetic analysis showed that the common mango M. indica L. was closely related to M. griffithii and M. camptosperma, which belonged to subgenus Mangifera. However, M. odorata that belonged to subgenus Limus was grouped separately along with M. andamanica. The above results are in congruent with the accepted classification of genus Mangifera reported by Kostermans and Bompard with the exception of M. andamanica, which has been earlier classified under subgenus Mangifera. Results clearly indicated that classification of M. andamanica under subgenus needed to be reconsidered.
Highlights
The genus Mangifera is one of the 68 genera in the family Anacardiaceae [1]
The Phylograms that are generated for all the 3 chloroplast makers, used in the present study are in congruent to each other by resulting in similar clustering of Mangifera species. 3.3.1. petB-petD The phylogram of Maximum Parsimony (MP) (Figure 4) method resulted into two clusters of which M. odorata and M.andamanica have been clustered into one group leaving the rest 3 species into another that have been further subgrouped into 2 subclusters
The phylogram by MP (Figure 6) method resulted into two clusters of which M. andamanica clustered into separate group leaving the rest 4 species into another that have been further subgrouped into 3 subclusters leaving M. odorata and M. camptosperma into two individual subclusters with M. griffithii and M. indica into the other
Summary
Mangifera indica L. is the most important species in this genus for commercial fruit production in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. India is reported to be the home of four other species viz., Mangifera andamanica, Mangifera khasiana, Mangifera sylvatica and Mangifera camptosperma [5]. Two exploration surveys were carried out at Andamans, one in 2006 and another in 2014 to collect the species viz., Mangifera andamanica, Mangifera camptosperma and Mangifera griffithii. The phylogenetic relationships among Mangifera species have been described earlier by using genomic restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and amplification of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) [6]. Morphological (foliage & fruits) and molecular characterization (SSR, ETs and Chloroplast markers) was carried out to infer the evolutionary relationships among the Mangifera Species including Mangifera indica, Mangifera griffithii, Mangifera camptosperma, Mangifera odorata and Mangifera andamanica
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