Abstract
“Uwi” (Dioscorea sp.) is a tuber plant species with potentials to support the national food diversity program because it has high tolerance when planted in upland areas, which are wide in Indonesia and beyond. The study aims to rescue germplasm of “Uwi” plants through exploration, identification, and collection for the sake of national long–term goal of providing alternative food sources to support food security. The research began with exploration of the west upland area of East Java, and continued with specimen planting for characterization testing in the following year. Exploration resulted in 127 samples of variants observed throughout uplands in Madiun, Ponorogo, Ngawi, Magetan and Pacitan, East Java, Indonesia with each result of 28, 26, 9, 20 and 44 variants. Five big groups of Dioscorea family namely Dioscorea alata, Dioscorea aculeata, Dioscorea hispida, Dioscorea pentaphylla and Dioscorea bulbifera were mapped out as a result. Using SPSS cluster analysis, D. alata as the most variant were specified into 20 groups and further gathered into seven clusters based on its main botanical characteristics of leaf shape, leaf color, stem color, tuber color, tuber shape, and skin color of the tuber. Meanwhile, D. aculeata and D. pentaphylla were each detailed into two sub–clusters and other types were each detailed into one.
Highlights
Indonesia's food provision is deteriorating due to the vast functional shift of agricultural land nationwide, and it has gone so low that even the international Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) considers it serious in the global hunger index
The research was conducted in December 2016 to July 2017, located in the experimental station which is the property of the Faculty of Agriculture of Merdeka University of Madiun, East Java, Indonesia
This study has discovered that 20 variants in alata group produced much larger bulb yields in sizes, indicating that they contain rich germplasm potential to food provision
Summary
Indonesia's food provision is deteriorating due to the vast functional shift of agricultural land nationwide, and it has gone so low that even the international Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) considers it serious in the global hunger index. One critical problem currently exists in Indonesia regarding major food commodity is the high reliance on rice – it is so high that scarcity often occurs. This is not the case in ancient times. Study [5] shows that food provision in accordance with each region’s potential based on what is available in each respective region will greatly facilitate the community in meeting their needs. What occurs in Beneue State of Nigeria [9], where yam is the main staple food consumption as well as source of income and employment generation, can occur in Indonesia, too
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