Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are emerging as a threat to the integrity of terrestrial and freshwater systems globally. Interventions to reveal their abundance and associated biological impacts is a momentous research area presently. Besides the conventional assessment technologies for MPs determination, significant scope has been shown by biological monitoring agents recently. These biomonitors are gaining importance as in addition to providing the details on MPs distribution in the environment, they can also help in assessing biological impacts on the target organisms. Though a variety of literature exists in scientific databases regarding MP biomonitoring concept, however a comprehensive account of biomonitors’ application in terrestrial and freshwater systems is currently lacking. This review presents a critical evaluation of various terrestrial and freshwater organisms for their utility as MP biomonitoring agents along with the opportunities and challenges associated with their sampling and analysis to identify gap areas and future research directions.
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