Abstract
The wildfires caused by human occupation is one of the factors that most contributes to deforestation of conservation areas, resulting in a number of issues for ecological systems. Premature fire detections lead to the elimination or reduction of the damage that will be caused by a fire incident. Wireless sensor networks have been shown to be a good alternative for environmental monitoring applications, as they can collect and send information in real time, such as humidity, wind, and temperature of various parts of the forest. Due to problems such as power limitation, communication failure, and loss of nodes, the network topology is constantly changing, requiring mechanisms to achieve self-organization and fault tolerance. This article proposes the development of a model and application in self-organizing and fault-tolerant wireless sensor networks for fire detection in conservation areas. To achieve self-organization and fault tolerance, we rely on encouraged local interactions between neighboring nodes that monitor the same region and the coordination of tasks, through a supervisor node, equipped with a framework for developing component-based fault-tolerant applications. For the analysis and validation of both model and application, it was simulated 60 events in the network of sensors in a real scenario using the simulator Sinalgo. The results were classified as True (partial or absolute) or False (partial or absolute). In all, 45% of consensus identified a possible fault in the application and in only 35% there was absolute consensus.
Highlights
One of the main environmental problems in Brazil is the high rates of wildfires caused by human occupation, placing the country among the main responsible for the increase in greenhouse gas emissions in the world
With the continuous evolution of technology and the increasing software demand, computer systems have operated in more changeable environments, resulting in a continued increase in the administrative burden for managing these systems
The implication of this continuous evolution is that software systems need to become more versatile and flexible, more efficient in terms of energy consumption, fault tolerance, and self-optimization, adapting themselves according to the context they are inserted
Summary
One of the main environmental problems in Brazil is the high rates of wildfires caused by human occupation, placing the country among the main responsible for the increase in greenhouse gas emissions in the world. According to statistics from the National Institute for Space Research (INPE/Brazil) (http://www.inpe.br/ queimadas/estatisticas.php), only in the year 2015 the reference satellite detected 236,371 fires. It presents a model that aims to fill the gap in the area, which is a model that responds to both low-level concerns and challenges regarding the application itself As far it is known, research papers do not deal with both characteristics, or concentrate on the development of routing protocols or applications that do not take into account the fault tolerance and self-organization.
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