Abstract
Developing peptide-based drugs are very promising to address many of the lifestyle mediated diseases which are prevalent in a major portion of the global population. As an alternative to synthetic peptide-based drugs, derived peptides from natural sources have gained a greater attention in the last two decades. Aquatic organisms including plants, fish and shellfish are known as a rich reservoir of parent protein molecules which can offer novel sequences of amino acids in peptides, having unique bio-functional properties upon hydrolyzing with proteases from different sources. However, rather than exploiting fish and shellfish stocks which are already under pressure due to overexploitation, the processing discards, regarded as secondary raw material, could be a potential choice for peptide based therapeutic development strategies. In this connection, we have attempted to review the scientific reports in this area of research that deal with some of the well-established bioactive properties, such as antihypertensive, anti-oxidative, anti-coagulative, antibacterial and anticarcinogenic properties, with reference to the type of enzymes, substrate used, degree of particular bio-functionality, mechanism, and wherever possible, the active amino acid sequences in peptides. Many of the studies have been conducted on hydrolysate (crude mixture of peptides) enriched with low molecular bioactive peptides. In vitro and in vivo experiments on the potency of bioactive peptides to modulate the human physiological functions beneficially have demonstrated that these peptides can be used in the prevention and treatment of non-communicable lifestyle mediated diseases. The information synthesized under this review could serve as a point of reference to drive further research on and development of functionally active therapeutic natural peptides. Availability of such scientific information is expected to open up new zones of investigation for adding value to underutilized secondary raw materials, which in turn paves the way for sustainability in fish processing. However, there are significant challenges ahead in exploring the fish waste as a source of bioactive peptides, as it demands more studies on mechanisms and structure–function relationship understanding as well as clearance from regulatory and statutory bodies before reaching the end user in the form of supplement or therapeutics.
Highlights
Global fish production was estimated at 179 million tonnes in 2018, of which direct human consumption accounts for 156.4 million tonnes, with 22.2 million tonnes being utilized for non-food uses
Large volumes of waste are generated during the processing of fish, which might be used to make beneficial fish protein hydrolysate
Researchers have focused their attention on bioactive protein hydrolysates from fish waste in order to develop natural alternatives to synthetic options
Summary
Global fish production was estimated at 179 million tonnes in 2018, of which direct human consumption accounts for 156.4 million tonnes, with 22.2 million tonnes being utilized for non-food uses. More than 50–70% of total catch generated by fish processing is regarded as waste, called secondary raw materials, which comprises diverse parts such as fish frames, visceral organs, skin, and heads [2]. Secondary raw materials are regarded as a rich source of bioactive components, with several applications in human nutrition and wellbeing [3]. There is a great possibility for the recovery of valuable biochemicals from secondary raw material and production of functional and biologically active foods
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.