Abstract
In the present work, we have extended the standard model by an abelian U(1)_{X} gauge group and additional particles. In particular, we have extended the particle content by three right handed neutrinos, two singlet scalars and two vectors like leptons. Charged assignments under different gauge groups are such that the model is gauge anomaly free and the anomaly contributions cancel among generations. Once the symmetry gets broken then three physical Higgses are produced, one axion like particle (ALP), which also acts as the keV scale FIMP dark matter is produced and the remaining component is absorbed by the extra gauge boson. Firstly, we have successfully generated neutrino mass by the type-I seesaw mechanism for normal hierarchy with the 3sigma bound on the oscillation parameters. The ALP in the present model can explain the Xenon-1T electron recoil signal at keV scale through its coupling with the electron. We have shown that ALP can be produced from the right handed neutrino decay through the freeze in mechanism. Electron and tauon get masses from dimensional-5 operators at the Planck scale and if we consider the vevs v_{1,2} simeq 10^{12} GeV then we can obtain the correct value of the electron mass but not the tauon mass. The vector like leptons help in getting the correct value of the tauon mass through another higher dimensional operator which also has a role in DM production by the 2 rightarrow 2 process, giving the correct ballpark value of relic density for suitable reheat temperature of the Universe. We have shown that the ALP production by the higher dimensional operator can explain the electron, tauon mass and Xenon-1T signal simultaneously whereas the decay production can not explain all of them together.
Highlights
Dous success, the standard model (SM) has few flaws which can not be addressed within its particle content and gauge structure
In the present work, we have extended the standard model by an abelian U (1)X gauge group and additional particles
Once the symmetry gets broken three physical Higgses are produced, one axion like particle (ALP), which acts as the keV scale feebly interacting massive particle (FIMP) dark matter is produced and the remaining component is absorbed by the extra gauge boson
Summary
In the SM neutrinos are massless, but from oscillation experiments, it is well established that neutrinos are massive in order to explain the flavour oscillation among the different flavours [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17]. Xenon-1T signal explanation by the ALP dark matter (produced by thermal and misalignment mechanism) and vector like leptons has been shown in [56] but our study is different and considering the ALP production by the freeze-in mechanism. Due to the higher dimensional operator of the singlet Higgses at the Planck scale, the CP odd components will mix among each other and one of them is absorbed by the extra gauge boson and the remaining one will act as keV scale ALP, which is FIMP dark matter in the present model as will be discussed in the later part of the manuscript. SM and BSM particles are charged under the additional gauge group in such a way so that vector like leptons take an important role in electron, dimension-5 operator in the Dirac mass term of neutrinos and we can successfully explain the neutrino mass with the oscillation parameters in 3σ range which will be discussed in Sect. This additional gauge boson can be accessed at the colliders when we take tree level kinetic mixing with U (1)Y gauge boson
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