Abstract
Objective: Spiritual intelligence is manifested when a person spends his life in complete spirituality. Anxiety and test anxiety are among the most common psychological and emotional problems during student life that have a negative impact on students' mental health and academic performance. Therefore, this study was conducted to explain the role and relationship between spiritual intelligence and hidden anxiety and test anxiety. Methods: This analytical study was performed on 503 nursing and midwifery students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (2018) using the available sampling method. King spiritual intelligence scale, Sarason's test anxiety scale, and Spielberger Anxiety Questionnaire were used to collect data. To analyze the data, statistical methods of path analysis and correlation coefficients were used. Results: The overall effect of test anxiety variable on spiritual intelligence variable is 0.1632 and the overall effect of hidden anxiety variable on spiritual intelligence variable is -0.07. Spiritual intelligence has a significant relationship with test anxiety, so that with increasing mental intelligence, test anxiety is decreased. While in the case of significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and hidden anxiety, with increasing spiritual intelligence, hidden anxiety is also increased. There was no significant relationship between hidden anxiety and test anxiety. The two variables of hidden anxiety and test anxiety have a very weak effect on spiritual intelligence. The effect of hidden anxiety is not significant at all, and the effect of test anxiety is very weak, although being significant. Conclusion: High spiritual intelligence indicates lower test anxiety, while it is inversely related to hidden anxiety. As a result, high spiritual intelligence does not indicate less hidden anxiety in individuals. So it cannot be said for sure that spiritual intelligence plays an important role in reducing anxiety.
Highlights
Intelligence is an ability to adapt to new problems and situations in life [1], which has long been interested in research and research on its various types and related features [2]
In the studies conducted, the findings indicate a significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and anxiety in students [19]
The results of Pearson correlation test show that it has a significant relationship with spiritual intelligence with test anxiety, so that with increasing mental intelligence, test anxiety decreases, while having a significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and hidden anxiety, with increasing intelligence, spiritually and hidden anxiety increases
Summary
Intelligence is an ability to adapt to new problems and situations in life [1], which has long been interested in research and research on its various types and related features [2]. One of the characteristics of smart people is to provide a fundamental solution and find efficient ways to solve various problems [2] Another aspect of intelligence that, from the experts' point of view, is only for humans, is called spiritual intelligence [4], which is known as the root of other intelligences [5]. Spiritual intelligence includes a kind of adaptation and problem-solving behavior, which increases a person's resilience to problems and helps while coordinating with the surrounding phenomena and achieving internal and external integration, as well as to people in any field. Helps to develop their spiritual awareness, capacity and consciousness [6,7,8]. Spiritual abilities can have positive effects on people's social and cultural lives, so that spirituality has recently been considered as an important aspect of human beings that has a significant
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