Abstract
BackgroundAlthough the workers in many occupations are at the greatest risk of catching and spreading COVID-19 due to assembling and contacting people, the owners of these occupations do not follow COVID-19 health instructions. The purpose of this study is to explain the reasons for not maintaining health guidelines to prevent COVID-19 in high-risk jobs in Iran.MethodsThe present study was conducted with a qualitative approach among people with high-risk jobs in Tehran during March and April of 2020. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 31 people with high-risk occupations selected by purposeful sampling and snowballing. The data were analyzed using the conventional qualitative content analysis method and MAXQDA-18 software. Guba and Lincoln’s criteria were also used to evaluate the quality of the research results.Results4 main categories and 13 sub-categories were obtained, including individual factors (personality traits, lack of self-efficacy, little knowledge of the disease and how to observe health norms related to it, misconceptions about health), structural factors (difficulty of access to health supplies, lack of supportive environment, weak laws and supervision, the poor performance of officials and national media), economic factors (economic costs of living, lack of government economic support), Socio-cultural factors (learning, cultural beliefs, social customs, and rituals).ConclusionCOVID-19 prevention requires intervention at different levels. At the individual level: increasing people’s awareness and understanding about how to prevent COVID-19 and strengthening self-efficacy in observing health norms, at the social level: highlighting positive patterns of observing health issues and training people about the consequences of social interactions during the outbreak of the virus, and at the macro level: strengthening regulatory rules and increasing people’s access to hygienic products and support for the vulnerable must be taken into account.
Highlights
The Coronavirus, which first spread in 2003, is a widespread family of viruses that lead to respiratory infections from a simple cold
COVID-19 is the newest member of this family [1, 2], which has rapidly spread around the world, and within a short period, it has become the most pressing health issue in the world
Observing all the health norms related to the prevention of COVID-19 required a lot of patience and perseverance, which was beyond the ability of some participants
Summary
The Coronavirus, which first spread in 2003, is a widespread family of viruses that lead to respiratory infections from a simple cold. On April 19th, 2021, the total number of people infected with the COVID-19 in the world was 141 million, and the number of deaths was 3 million. The United States, India, and Brazil were among the countries with the highest rates of infection. The United States has the highest number of deaths from COVID-19 with 581,061 records. Iran is one of the countries with the highest levels of COVID-19 infection with 2,237,000 infected cases and 66,732 deaths [12, 13]. The workers in many occupations are at the greatest risk of catching and spreading COVID19 due to assembling and contacting people, the owners of these occupations do not follow COVID-19 health instructions. The purpose of this study is to explain the reasons for not maintaining health guidelines to prevent COVID-19 in high-risk jobs in Iran
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