Abstract
Assuming the Multiple Point Principle (MPP) as a new law of Nature, we considered the existence of the two degenerate vacua of the Universe: (a) the first Electroweak (EW) vacuum at v 1 ≈ 246 GeV—“true vacuum”, and (b) the second Planck scale “false vacuum” at v 2 ∼ 10 18 GeV. In these vacua, we investigated different topological defects. The main aim of the paper is an investigation of the black-hole-hedgehogs configurations as defects of the false vacuum. In the framework of the f ( R ) gravity, described by the Gravi-Weak unification model, we considered a black-hole solution, which corresponds to a “hedgehog”—global monopole, that has been “swallowed” by the black-hole with mass core M B H ∼ 10 18 GeV and radius δ ∼ 10 − 21 GeV − 1 . Considering the results of the hedgehog lattice theory in the framework of the S U ( 2 ) Yang-Mills gauge-invariant theory with hedgehogs in the Wilson loops, we have used the critical value of temperature for the hedgehogs’ confinement phase ( T c ∼ 10 18 GeV). This result gave us the possibility to conclude that the SM shows a new physics (with contributions of the S U ( 2 ) -triplet Higgs bosons) at the scale ∼10 TeV. This theory predicts the stability of the EW-vacuum and the accuracy of the MPP.
Highlights
The present review is devoted to studying topological defects of the universal vacua.During the expansion after the Planck era, the early Universe underwent a series of phase transitions as a result of which there were arisen such vacuum topological defects as monopoles or hedgehogs, strings, bubbles and domain walls
We have shown that at super high (Planck scale) energies the black-holes-hedgehogs are responsible for the creation of the false vacuum of the Universe
Assuming that the Planck scale false vacuum is described by a non- differentiable space-time having lattice-like structure, where sites of the lattice are black-holes with “hedgehog” monopoles inside them, we describe this manifold by a non-commutative geometry with a minimal length l = λ Pl
Summary
The present review is devoted to studying topological defects of the universal vacua. This manifold is described by a non-commutative geometry predicted an almost zero cosmological constant. The phase transition from the “false vacuum” to the “true vacuum” was considered, where it was shown that the Electroweak spontaneous breakdown of symmetry SU (2) L × U (1)Y → U (1)el.mag created new topological defects of EW vacuum: the Abrikosov-Nielsen-Olesen closed magnetic vortices (“ANO strings”) of the Abelian Higgs model and Sidharth’s Compton phase objects.
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