Abstract
ABSTRACT The three-dimensional (3D) visualization technology in hilar cholangiocarcinoma could offer decision-making support to preoperative diagnosis, individualized surgical planning and then proffer operative approach. In addition, the 3D printing technology helps to realize the leapfrog development from 3D image to 3D physical models and proffers better guidance of the precise surgery for patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. To standardize the application of 3D visualization and 3D printing technology in the precise diagnosis and treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma, Chinese Society of Digital Medicine and Chinese Research Hospital Association of Digital Surgery Committee organized experts in related fields to formulate this consensus.
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