Experiments on Energy-Efficient Evaporative Cooling Systems for Poultry Farm Application in Multan (Pakistan)

Khawar Shahzad,Takahiko Miyazaki,Muhammad Farooq,Muhammad Bilal,Muhammad I Hussain,Muhammad Sultan,Imran Ali,Hadeed Ashraf,Uzair Sajjad

doi:10.3390/su13052836

Abstract

Poultry are one of the most vulnerable species of its kind once the temperature-humidity nexus is explored. This is so because the broilers lack sweat glands as compared to humans and undergo panting process to mitigate their latent heat (moisture produced in the body) in the air. As a result, moisture production inside poultry house needs to be maintained to avoid any serious health and welfare complications. Several strategies such as compressor-based air-conditioning systems have been implemented worldwide to attenuate the heat stress in poultry, but these are not economical. Therefore, this study focuses on the development of low-cost and environmentally friendly improved evaporative cooling systems (DEC, IEC, MEC) from the viewpoint of heat stress in poultry houses. Thermodynamic analysis of these systems was carried out for the climatic conditions of Multan, Pakistan. The results appreciably controlled the environmental conditions which showed that for the months of April, May, and June, the decrease in temperature by direct evaporative cooling (DEC), indirect evaporative cooling (IEC), and Maisotsenko-Cycle evaporative cooling (MEC) systems is 7–10 °C, 5–6.5 °C, and 9.5–12 °C, respectively. In case of July, August, and September, the decrease in temperature by DEC, IEC, and MEC systems is 5.5–7 °C, 3.5–4.5 °C, and 7–7.5 °C, respectively. In addition, drop in temperature-humidity index (THI) values by DEC, IEC, and MEC is 3.5–9 °C, 3–7 °C, and 5.5–10 °C, respectively for all months. Optimum temperature and relative humidity conditions are determined for poultry birds and thereby, systems’ performance is thermodynamically evaluated for poultry farms from the viewpoint of THI, temperature-humidity-velocity index (THVI), and thermal exposure time (ET). From the analysis, it is concluded that MEC system performed relatively better than others due to its ability of dew-point cooling and achieved THI threshold limit with reasonable temperature and humidity indexes.

Highlights

IntroductionThe agriculture sector of Pakistan contributes to about 21% of the gross domestic product (GDP) and absorbs 45.5% of the total labor strength [1]
Such kind of analysis makes it visible that what kind of changes occur in the ratio of dry-bulb temperature (DBT) and relative humidity (RH) in a day
Heat stress causes severe impacts on poultry health such as mortality rate and body weight increases. These birds are the cheapest source of proteins in South Asia

Summary

Introduction

The agriculture sector of Pakistan contributes to about 21% of the gross domestic product (GDP) and absorbs 45.5% of the total labor strength [1]. The total share of livestock sector in agriculture covers about 11.4% of the agriculture gross domestic product and. Poultry contributed about 1.4% in overall gross domestic product (GDP) during (2017–18) [3]. It employs directly/indirectly 1.5 million people [4]. Keeping in view the economic importance of poultry, it is desirable to monitor the environmental condition for their control sheds where several flocks are brought up on yearly basis. A huge amount of capital is invested to raise the controlled structures. Pakistan is recognized as a tropical country being along the equator on globe

Methods

Results

Conclusion