Experiments on C nanotubes synthesis by Fe-assisted ethane decomposition

Abstract

We performed experiments on the synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by iron-catalyzed chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in C 2H 6 + H 2 atmosphere. We varied flow-rates of reactant gases (ethane: 30–120 sccm, hydrogen: 0–120 sccm), as well as their ratio, in order to study the evolution of the growth kinetics. We used scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy to investigate the morphologies, dimensions and crystalline structure of the samples. Our results demonstrate the crucial role played by H 2 in the enhancement of C diffusion-rate and in the consequent development of ordered and smooth graphene layers. A faster growth-rate is achieved by the increase of C 2H 6 flow-rate. However, if H 2 flow-rate is not adequately enhanced, the improvement is only apparent. The excess of C supplied gives rise to deposition of amorphous carbon onto the CNT walls, and to the co-production of different nanostructures. A substantial agreement is found with results reported for CVD growth of CNTs by the use of different catalysts, reactants and gas-flowing setups.