Abstract
This paper presents an experimental demonstration of a novel real-time Energy Management System (EMS) for inverter-based microgrids to achieve optimal economic operation using a simple dynamic algorithm without offline optimization process requirements. The dynamic algorithm solves the economic dispatch problem offering an adequate stability performance and an optimal power reference tracking under sudden load and generation changes. Convergence, optimality and frequency regulation properties of the real-time EMS are shown, and the effectiveness and compatibility with inner and primary controllers are validated in experiments, showing better performance on optimal power tracking and frequency regulation than conventional droop control power sharing techniques.
Highlights
The successful implementation of policies to stimulate the integration of Renewable EnergySources (RESs) and the decreasing cost of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) [1] have generated an important role of new energy system components including the concepts of “prosumer” [2] and “microgrid” [3]
The active power demand is shared between the Inverter based Distributed Generators (IDGs), proportionally to their power ratings and a stable performance is achieved under sudden loads and IDGs connection and disconnection
The convergence and optimality properties of the strategy are demonstrated, and the effectiveness and compatibility with the inner and primary controllers are validated in an experimental study case with four distributed generators, which is implemented at the Aalborg
Summary
The successful implementation of policies to stimulate the integration of Renewable EnergySources (RESs) and the decreasing cost of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) [1] have generated an important role of new energy system components including the concepts of “prosumer” [2] and “microgrid” [3]. A microgrid is defined as a cluster of Inverter based Distributed Generators (IDGs) and controllable loads, which are interconnected and can operate autonomously in grid-connected or island mode [3,5]. Integrating the concepts of microgrid and prosumer, a Prosumer Microgrid (PMG) can be defined as a cluster of prosumers and costumers with capacities of energy generation, load control, and autonomous operation. The PMGs potentially will be able to configure new types of local energy markets and energy systems [2] In this context, the efficiency is a main objective for planning, design and operation of the PMG, and the operation cost minimization needs to be considered as an essential control task [7]
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