Abstract
Studies of shock-vortex interactions in the past have predominantly been numerical, with a number of idealizations such as assuming an isolated vortex and a plane shock wave. In the present case the vortex is generated from flow separation at a corner. A shear layer results which wraps up into a spiral vortex. The flow is impulsively initiated by the diffraction of a shock wave over the edge. The strength of the shock determines the nature of the flow at the corner and that induced behind the diffracted wave. A wide variety of cases are considered using different experimental arrangements such as having two independent shock waves arriving at the corner at different times, to reflecting the diffracting wave off different surfaces back into the vortex, and to examining the flow around bends where the reflection off the far wall reflects back onto the vortex. The majority of studies have shown that the vortex normally retains its integrity after shock transit. Some studies with curved shock waves and numerous traverses have shown evidence of vortex breakup and the development of turbulent patches in the flow, as well as significant vortex stretching. Depending on the direction of approach of the shock wave it refracts through the shear layer thereby changing the strength and direction of both. Of particular note is that the two diffracted waves which emerge from the vortex as the incident wave passes through interact with each other resulting in a pressure spike of considerable magnitude. An additional spike is also identified.
Highlights
Shock-vortex interactions have been the subject of extensive computational, theoretical and experimental studies over many years
Following this work important numerical results on the nature of the acoustic waves of different strengths was done by Ellzey et al [5] who commented on the development of the complex regular and Mach reflection wave systems that evolve between the incident and transmitted waves, and the quadrupolar nature of the acoustic emission
The first frame shows the situation after first passage of the reflected shock from the far wall. It has just reached the near wall and is forced significantly downstream as it passes through the shear layer into the high-speed flow coming from the upper leg of the bend
Summary
Shock-vortex interactions have been the subject of extensive computational, theoretical and experimental studies over many years. One of the earliest experiments was a schlieren study of the interaction [1] They observed the generation of acoustic waves which became a major area of subsequent research. The response to this finding led to an early investigation [2], followed by a more extensive treatment some years later [3]. In a later paper [6] more details of the interaction and the reasons for the the development of the acoustic wave were given, as being due to distortion of the shock wave and the associated vortex compression. A further detailed numerical study by Zhang et al [8] between strong shock waves interacting with a strong vortex identified a multistage feature with the development of shocklets and multiple sound waves. Various cases of the interaction depending on relative strengths of the shock wave and vortex have been given by Chang et al [10] using numerical shadowgraphs in order to discuss the interaction process
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