Experimental verification of indirect tests for stress-crack opening curve of concrete in tension from a round robin test: application to railway sleeper elements

Abstract

This paper presents experimental verification of indirect tests for the determination of the stress-crack opening curve of concrete, based on the method described in the RILEM TC 187-SOC report and submitted to ACI Committee 446 for Fracture Toughness Testing of Concrete, which relies on the standard cohesive model. In such method, a bilinear approximation of the softening curve is determined from three-point bending tests of notched specimens under crack-mouth-opening-displacement control and from tensile splitting tests, which produces good predictions of the complete crack evolution. The current work focusses on the brittleness length, which is directly related to the parameters of the linear curve defined by the first branch of the bilinear curve, and is one of the main fracture parameters of concrete, since it controls the behaviour of thin cracks. This length can be obtained from a simple version of experiments conducted up to peak load, thus, favouring its application in the industry. In particular, this work presents the results of a round-robin test carried out in collaboration with the Spanish Association of Railway Sleeper Element Manufacturers to determine the brittleness length of concrete. A specific implementation of the method has been proposed in order to perform the tests by using the facilities available in all the factories. The results of the round-robin test have been satisfactory, thus, supporting the viability of the RILEM and ACI proposals. Moreover, a method has been developed which allows the brittleness length of concrete to be determined easily in railway sleeper element factories.